बिल्कुल — अब मैं Chapter 8: The Sermon at Benares (First Flight, Class 10) का
Summary + Hindi Translation + Tough Words + सभी IMPORTANT QUESTIONS (Very Short, Short, Long) और उनके Answers
बहुत आसान भाषा में दे रहा हूँ।

यह आपके CBSE Final Exam के लिए पूरा Ready Material है।

⭐ SUMMARY Chapter 8: The Sermon at Benares

This chapter tells the story of Gautama Buddha and his first sermon at Benares.
Buddha teaches the truth about life, suffering, and death.

The story begins with Kisa Gotami, whose only son had died.
In her grief, she carried the dead child from house to house begging for medicine.
People thought she had lost her senses.

Someone advised her to go to Buddha.
Buddha told her to bring a handful of mustard seeds—
but only from a house where no one had ever died.

Kisa went everywhere, but every family had experienced death.
She realised that death is common to all.
Everyone must die someday.

She understood that her grief was selfish because she wanted to escape a truth that all must face.
Buddha explained that crying and grieving cannot bring anyone back.
The wise accept the reality of life and remove the “arrow of grief.”

⭐ HINDI 

यह अध्याय गौतम बुद्ध और उनके पहले उपदेश (सारनाथ/वाराणसी) की कहानी है।
उन्होंने जीवन, दुख और मृत्यु का सत्य समझाया।

कहानी में किसा गौतमी का एकलौता बेटा मर जाता है।
दुख में वह अपने बेटे को लेकर हर घर दवा माँगती घूमती है।
लोग कहते हैं कि वह पागल हो गई है।

किसी ने उसे बुद्ध के पास जाने को कहा।
बुद्ध ने कहा — “सरसों के दाने लाओ, लेकिन ऐसे घर से जहाँ किसी की भी मृत्यु न हुई हो।”

किसा पूरे शहर में घूमी, पर हर घर में किसी-न-किसी की मृत्यु हुई थी।
तब उसे समझ आया कि मृत्यु सबके जीवन की सच्चाई है — इससे कोई नहीं बच सकता।

बुद्ध कहते हैं —

• रोने से मृत व्यक्ति वापस नहीं आता
• दुख बढ़ता है
• समझदार व्यक्ति मृत्यु को स्वीकार करता है
• जो शोक का तीर निकाल देता है, वही मन की शांति पाता है

⭐ WORD MEANINGS 

⭐ VERY SHORT QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

Q1. Who was Kisa Gotami?

Ans. A woman whose only son had died.

Q2. What did Kisa ask from people?

Ans. Medicine to cure her dead child.

Q3. What condition did Buddha give her?

Ans. To bring mustard seeds from a house where no one had died.

Q4. What truth did she finally learn?

Ans. Death is common to all.

Q5. What does Buddha say about crying?

Ans. It increases pain and does not bring peace.

⭐ SHORT QUESTIONS (2–3 MARKS)

Q1. Why did people think Kisa Gotami had lost her senses?

Ans. Because she carried her dead child and kept asking for medicine,
which showed she wasn’t accepting the reality of death.

Q2. Why could Kisa Gotami not find a house without death?

Ans. Every family had experienced the death of a loved one.
This showed that death is universal.

Q3. What lesson did Buddha want her to learn?

Ans. That death is a natural part of life.
No one can escape it.
Wisdom is in accepting this truth, not crying over it.

Q4. What is the Buddha’s message about grief?

Ans.

• Grief cannot bring back the dead
• It harms the person who grieves
• Peace comes only by removing the arrow of sorrow
• One must accept the natural law of life

⭐ LONG QUESTIONS (5–6 MARKS – CBSE EXAM STYLE)

Q1. Describe Kisa Gotami’s journey from grief to wisdom. How does Buddha guide her?

Answer (Easy Language):
Kisa Gotami’s only son died, and she was filled with unbearable grief.
She refused to accept her son’s death and went begging for medicine.
People pitied her but could not help.

Buddha told her to bring mustard seeds from a house where no one had died.
She went from house to house and realised that death had visited every family.
This opened her eyes.
She understood that death is natural and universal.
Her personal sorrow was not unique.

Buddha explained that grieving cannot save the dead and only increases pain.
True peace comes by accepting reality.
Thus, Buddha helped her move from ignorance to wisdom.

Q2. What is the central teaching of “The Sermon at Benares”?

Answer:
The central teaching is acceptance of the truth of death.
Buddha says:

• Life is short and full of suffering
• Everyone who is born must die
• Youth, age, rich, poor — all are equal in death
• Crying cannot stop death
• Wisdom is accepting natural laws
• Removing the “arrow” of grief leads to peace

The sermon teaches us to be calm, wise, and understanding in the face of loss.

Q3. How does the story show that selfishness exists in grief?

Answer:
In grief, Kisa Gotami wanted her son back even though death is inevitable.
She was thinking only of her own pain, not about the universal truth.
Once she saw that every family had lost someone, she realised grief is common.
She understood her sorrow was not special; it was natural.
Thus, Buddha made her realise that selfishness lies in refusing to accept reality.